Human rights

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. World Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10th December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). UDHR is a part of the International Bill of Human Rights.these Human Rights includes:-

• Economic, social and cultural rights The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights entered into force in 1976. The human rights that the Covenant seeks to promote and protect include:
  

  • the right to work in just and favourable conditions;

  • the right to social protection, to an adequate standard of living and to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental well-being;

  • the right to education and the enjoyment of benefits of cultural freedom and scientific progress

• Civil and political rights The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its First Optional Protocol entered into force in 1976. The Second Optional Protocol was adopted in 1989. The Covenant deals with such rights as freedom of movement; equality before the law; the right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and expression; participation in public affairs and elections; and protection of minority rights. It prohibits arbitrary deprivation of life; torture, cruel or degrading treatment or punishment; slaver& forced labour; discrimination; advocacy of racial or religious hatred The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established in 1993. The statute under which it is established is the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993. The Act provides for the establishment of State Human Rights Commissions. According to the National Human Right Commission of India, Human Rights as the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India. In India there are basic six fundamental rights. They are:-

• Right to Equality-It ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste etc. • Right to Freedom-These rights are freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of movement throughout the territory of our country, freedom to reside in any part of the country. However, these rights have their own restrictions. • Right against Exploitation-Right against Exploitation condemns human trafficking, child labor, forced labor making it an offense punishable by law, and also prohibit any act of compelling a person to work without wages. • Right to Freedom of Religion-The Constitutions says that the States should treat all religions equally and impartially and that no state has an official religion. It also guarantees all people the freedom of conscience and the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. • Cultural and Educational Rights-Cultural and Educational Rights protects the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic minorities by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Educational rights ensure education for everyone irrespective of their caste, gender, religion, etc. • Right to Constitutional Remedies-Right to Constitutional Remedies ensures citizens to go to the supreme court of India to ask for enforcement or protection against violation of their fundamental rights. Why Human Rights are Important? • Human rights protect an individual from being abused or discriminated against because everyone should have the equal opportunity to grow physically and intellectually.

• Individuals can speak out against societal injustice and evil practices prevalent in society.

• Human rights guarantee that people's fundamental necessities be addressed.